NLS Scanner with Biophilia Intruder and Diagnosis of Muscle Trauma
NLS Scanner with Biophilia Intruder and Diagnosis of Muscle Trauma
Lower extremity muscle injuries can be divided into three categories according to the mechanism of injury.
1. Damage from overwork. Strong start-up stress, especially with insufficient preheat and too cold, can cause cracking. Also with excessive exertion, the muscles may become hyperextended, which in turn may lead to pain or damage to the compartment, which is most typical of the adductors of the hips and the posterior muscles of the hips.
2. Actual trauma from external disruptive factors - direct or indirect (fall) blows.
3. Trauma that develops due to persistent overload, «chronic microtrauma».
Typically, microtrauma and muscle rupture occur at the muscle-to-tendon transition site where the tissue loses homogeneity because the mechanical durability of muscle and tendon differs at the transition site.
According to J. Comtet and W. Muller, complete rupture occurs in muscles with isolated function. In the quadriceps of the thigh is m. The rectus femoris, without any synergy. This trauma occurs more often in hockey players after the hockey stick is hit. The most frequent site of rectus femoral injury is the tendon transition. Partial ruptures are more common in the biceps and adductors of the thigh. The integrity of the adductor muscle is compromised not only at the muscle-to-tendon transition, but also at the attachment at the pubic bone. In the medical literature, this trauma is called «ARS-complex» (rectus adductor syndrome). As the term implies, with injury to the adductors, the rectus abdominis is injured at its junction with the symphysis.
Conditional muscle injuries can be divided into microbursts (3-5mm in the affected area) and ruptures larger than 5mm. Trauma can be longitudinal—along the muscle fibers, or transverse. Longitudinal trauma is more common and easier to diagnose and treat. NLS-patterned hematoma and synovial tumor visualized at the trauma site. At transverse bruises and ruptures, NLS images are polymorphic due to atypical traction and muscle ischemia, which complicates diagnosis.
The application of the NLS scanner with the Biophilia Intruder allows the visualization of muscle damage in sports trauma with high accuracy. The following signs are typical.
1. NLS-ultramicroscopic scan showing abnormal structural properties (stripes) in the trauma area, with moderately hyperchromatic linear structures (5-6 points on the Fleindler scale) visible corresponding to the sheath of myofibrillar bundles.
2. There are hyperpigmented and isochromatic areas of various sizes and indistinct contours—hematomas. NLS-angiography plays an important role in its diagnosis. NLS-ultramicroangiography revealed the influence of the vessel wall in these structures. This sign allows differentiation of hematoma and tissue processes.
3. Pathological traction in the injured area has higher chromogenicity (5-6 points on the Fleindler scale) compared to intact muscle tissue.
During the comprehensive diagnosis, it is necessary to check the state of tension and relaxation of the muscles. Measurement of exposed pathological areas is recommended for subsequent dynamic control.
Consequently, most traumas (94.5%) presented as muscle bruises smaller than 20 mm, which were difficult to diagnose by other methods. At the same time, the wrong medical strategy and wrong choice of training mode under such trauma can lead to further muscle damage that can limit physical activity. This fact illustrates the importance of NLS research in the diagnosis of muscle trauma in athletes.