Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis (NLS by Biophilia Intruder)
Diagnosis of Toxoplasmosis (NLS by Biophilia Intruder)
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoa Toxoplasma condii Nicolle et Manceaux. The disease usually has a chronic course, neurological damage, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. Heart muscle, muscles and eyes are often affected.
The infection is mainly spread through the digestive tract. However, there are also documented examples of transmission through injured skin and mucous membranes. Toxoplasma gondii tends to form cysts in tissues, leading to a potentially infectious condition. Parasites become active under conditions that are unfavorable to macroscopic organisms, and their immune reactivity declines. Important in the pathogenesis of Toxoplasma gondii lesions in the central nervous system are local inflammatory development, circulatory disturbances associated with vasculitis, and obstruction of the alcohol duct leading to hydrops or microcephaly.
Clinically, lesions of the central nervous system manifest as meningitis, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, and encephalomyelitis.
The most typical form of central nervous system toxoplasmosis is meningoencephalitis, with clinical manifestations including general cerebral and meningeal symptoms, paresis and limb paralysis, tonic and clonic spasms, optokinetic (diplopia), and coordination disturbances. Blood tests showed left-shifted leukocytosis and increased ESR: CSF contained lymphocytosis and moderately increased protein content.
Important diagnoses for toxoplasmosis are cranial radiography, serology, pulmonary encephalography, CT, and MRT. However, Biophilia Intruder's NLS study of brain structure plays the most important role in diagnosis. Of diagnostic importance was a significant increase in spectral similarity to the reference standard "Toxoplasma" (D < 0.425).
Toxoplasmosis should be differentiated from viral encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and meningitis.
On MRT investigation, toxoplasmosis presented as progressive multifocal encephalopathy. A typical case of toxoplasmosis is associated with a small area of granuloma: 2.0 cm or less in diameter. On NLS images, these structures appear as hyperchromatic areas (6 points on the Flandler scale), and central necrotic areas in ring structures are visible as areas of lower chromogenic density (4-5 points). Small areas of bleeding are typical. These changes are located periventricularly and paraventricularly, usually in the border regions of the cortico-medullar structures and in the basal ganglia region.